Automatic Winding
"Automatic winding describes a mechanism that winds the mainspring by using the movement of the arm to cause a rotor to rotate and which, via specific gears, winds the mainspring. " (FHH)
Breguet Calibre 777Q
The movements of the watch on the arm of the owner, or occasionally a pocket watch held in the pocket, wind the mainspring by the motion of a rotor weight oscillating. The automatic systems are diverse and have existed for several hundred years.
Early systems existed such as the 'Rolls', an automatic by which the complete movement would slide inside of a case and the weight of the movement would wind the watch. Another system was by the flexing of the case on the wrist which would transmit power to the barrel winding the mainsping.
Rolls case closed.
Rolls case bezel open for setting hands.
Movement sliding down winding mainspring.
Movement sliding up winding mainspring.
Manual Winding
"Describes a movement that is wound by hand using the winding crown." (FHH)
Manual wound "Simplicity" movement by Philippe Dufour.
Associated terms
Buffer, on early automatic movements with rotor weights that did not swing through 360degrees, buffers were integrated into the movement to dampen the shocks that occur when the weight struck the movement.
Oscillating rotor weight, A semi-circular heavy metal disc that rotates with the movement of the arm to automatically wind the mainspring.
Oscillating rotor weight from a Grand Seiko caliber 9S86